Arithmetic and Geometric Functions

Basic mathematical functions, as well as number field manipulation like truncation and rounding.

Abs

Description	Returns the absolute value of a number.
Example	Abs(-23.1) – returns 23.1.

Acos

Description	Returns the arc cosine, or inverse cosine, of a number.
Remark	The input must be from -1 to 1. The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.
Example	Acos(-.231) – returns 1.80390168255052.

Acosh

Description	Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the given number.
Remarks	The input must be a real number greater than or equal to 1.
Example	Acosh(10) – returns 2.993223.

Asin

Description	Returns the arc sine of the given number in radians, in the range -Pi/2 to Pi/2.
Remarks	The input is the sine of the angle you want and must be in the range from -1 to 1.
Example	Asin(-0.5) – returns 0.5236.

Asinh

Description	Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number.
Remarks	The input can be any real number.
Example	Ex. Asinh(-2.5) – returns -1.64723.

Atan

Description	Returns the arc tangent, inverse tangent of a number.
Remarks	The input can be any real number. Atan returns an angle given in radians in the range -Pi/2 to Pi/2.
Example	Atan(1) – returns 0.785398 (pi/4).

Atan2

Description Returns the angle from the x-axis to a line containing the origin (0, 0) and a point with coordinates (x,y).

Remarks

The input requires two values, the x and y coordinates.

If both x and y = 0, Atan2() returns the error #Div/0!.

A negative result represents a clockwise angle.

Example Atan2(1, 1) – returns 0.785398 (pi/4).

Atanh

Description	Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Remarks	The input must be from -1 to 1.
Example	Atanh(.76159416) – returns 1 (approximately).

Ceiling

Description	Returns the number rounded up away from zero to the nearest multiple of significance, or the error `#VALUE!` if the argument is not a number.
Remarks	The input requires two values, the number to be rounded and the multiple of significance. Regardless of the sign of number, a value is rounded up when adjusted away from zero.
Example	Ceiling(4.42,.05) – returns 4.45.

Cos

Description	Returns the cosine, of an angle in radians.
Remarks	The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.
Example	Cos(1.047) – returns 0.500171.

Cosh

Description	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number.
Example	Cos(4) – returns 27.30823.

Even

Description	Returns a number rounded up to the nearest even integer, or the error message `#VALUE!` if the argument is not a number.
Remarks	Regardless of the sign of number, a value is rounded away from zero.
Example	Even(1.5) – returns 2.

Exp

Description	Returns e raised to the power of the input.
Remarks	Exp is the inverse of Ln, the natural logarithm.
Example	Exp(1) – returns 2.718282 (the approximate value of e).

Fixed

Description	Returns the first argument rounded to the number of decimal places specified in the second argument.
Remarks	Takes three arguments: 1. The number you want to round. 2. The number of digits to the right of the decimal to include. 3. (Optional) TRUE/FALSE whether to omit commas. The default is FALSE (includes commas as normal).
Example	Fixed(1234.5678, 2) – returns 1,234.56.

Floor

Description

Rounds the number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple of significance.

Remarks

The input requires two values, the number to be rounded, and the multiple of significance.

Regardless of the sign of number, a value is down toward zero.

NOTE. If the argument is non-numeric, then Floor returns the error #VALUE!

Example

Floor(2.6, .5) – returns 2.5.

GlobalNumericFormat

Description	Returns a text string representation of the input value, formatted with the current session's Culture/Locale settings.
Remarks	Only accepts numeric values as input, but the return type is a string. If Null(), DbNull() or a data field that is null is passed as the argument, the function returns Null().
Example	For US culture settings GlobalNumericFormat(-1234.56) returns "-1,234.56". In Spain, it might return "-1.234,56" depending on how the session is configured.

Int

Description	Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Remarks	The input must be a real number.
Example	Int(2.6) – returns 2.

Ln

Description	Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
Remarks	Ln() is the inverse of the Exp() function.
Example	Ln(86) – returns 4.454347.

Log

Description	Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify.
Remarks	The first input is the number and the second is the base (if omitted base 10 used).
Example	Log(100) – returns 2.

Log10

Description	Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number.
Example	Log10(86) – returns 1.934498451.

Mod

Description	Returns the remainder after first argument is divided by the second argument.
Remarks	The second argument must not be 0.
Example	Mod(27,5) – returns 2.

Odd

Description	Returns a number rounded up to the nearest odd integer.
Remarks	The input must be a real number. Odd always rounds away from zero.
Example	Odd(1.5) – returns 3.

Pi

Description	Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant pi, accurate to 15 digits.
Example	Ex. Pi() – returns 3.14159265358979.

Power

Description	Returns the result of the first argument raised to the second argument.
Remarks	The `^` operator may be used instead of this function.
Example	Power(5,2) – returns 25.

Product

Description	Returns the product of the arguments.
Remarks	The `*` operator may be used in place of this function. Arguments must be numbers, cell references or text representations of numbers.
Example	Product(5,2) – returns 10. Also *5 2** – returns 10.

Quotient

Description	Returns the integer portion of a division.
Remarks	The `/` operator may be used in place of this function. This function discards the remainder of the division.
Example	Quotient(5,2) – returns 2.

Rand

Description	Returns an evenly-distributed random number between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
Remarks	To generate a random real number between a and b, use: *RAND()(b-a)+a.**
Example	Rand() – returns a random number between 0 and 1.

Round

Description	Returns a rounded number.
Remarks	Takes one or two input: 1. The number to round. 2. The number of decimal places desired.
Example	Round(5.236, 2) – returns 5.24

Sin

Description	Returns the sine of the given angle.
Remarks	The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/Pi() or use the Degrees() function.
Example	Sin(1.047) – returns .0865926611287823.

Sinh

Description	Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number.
Example	Sinh(4) – returns 27.1899171971278.

Sqrt

Description	Returns the positive square root of the argument.
Remarks	If the input is negative Sqrt returns the error #NUM!.
Example	Sqrt(25) – returns 5.

Tan

Description	Returns the tangent of the given angle.
Remarks	The returned angle is given in radians in the range 0 (zero) to pi. If you want to convert the result from radians to degrees, then multiply it by 180/PI() or use the DEGREES function.
Example	Tan(.785) – returns .99920.

Tanh

Description	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number.
Example	Tanh(-2) – returns .96403.

Truncate

Description	Truncates a number to an integer by removing the fractional part of the number.
Remarks	INT and TRUNC are different only when using negative numbers: TRUNC (-4.3) returns -4, but INT (-4.3) returns -5 because -5 is the lower number.
Example	Truncate(9.9) – returns 9.